Water Hardness
Water Hardness refers to water with a high concentration of minerals, primarily calcium carbonate and magnesium, formed as it passes through limestone deposits. Compared to soft water, water hardness can influence the extraction process, resulting in a bolder coffee but sometimes reducing its purity and brightness. Additionally, it can cause scale buildup in brewing equipment, impacting both performance and longevity.
Interestingly, the interaction between water hardness and coffee varies across regions. In Italy, where hard water is common, espresso has developed a bold and intense character. Meanwhile, in Japan – where naturally soft water is abundant – manual brewing methods are preferred to enhance coffee’s delicacy and balance.
Regardless of whether the water is hard or soft, maintaining water quality is essential for achieving optimal flavor.