Common Coffee Diseases
– TASTE THE ORIGIN –
What are common coffee diseases? In the process of growing, plants will encounter some disease conditions, and coffee trees are no exception to this rule. However, with each different plant variety, the common diseases will also be different.
Common coffee diseases
During the growth process, coffee plants may encounter one of the following diseases:
Coffee berry disease (CBD): This disease causes dark necrosis in spots and causes the green berries of the coffee to drop prematurely. It is caused by a fungal disease called Colletotrichum kahawae. Coffee berry disease is among the most economically impactful diseases, causing a significant yield loss of arabica coffee in Africa. The disease is very aggressive under high altitudes and highly humid environments.
Coffee leaf rust (CLR): This fungal disease called Hemileia vastatrix affects the leaf of a coffee plant. The coffee plant serves as the obligate host of CLR, which grows and reproduces on the leaf surface of the coffee plant. It diminishes and devastates the green leaf area that makes food for the plant. The symptoms of CLR include small, yellowish, oily spots on the upper leaf surface that expand into larger round spots, which turn bright orange, then red, and finally brown with a yellow border. The rust pustules are powdery and orange- yellow under the leaf surface, and they later turn black. Rusted leaves drop so that affected trees are virtually denuded; such trees have significantly lower coffee yields.
Yellow leaf disease root rot on coffee plants: Yellow leaf disease often has many causes due to too high humidity, too dry, lack of nutrients or excess nutrients all cause yellowing of leaves. However, the current time is July, the rainy season, so it is likely that this is the phenomenon of yellowing of leaves due to root rot.
That is, there is a group of melasma suspected that fusanium has attacked causing yellowing of leaves and root rot on coffee trees. The control of this disease is very difficult because this is a fungus that spreads in soil, rainwater, irrigation water or care.
Mealybugs: Newly hatched aphids have a pink color without wax on their side, they are quite developed, often live and cause harm in many parts such as young shoots, flower stalks, fruit bunches, tree stumps .. to suck the sap. Mealybugs cause damage by sucking the sap of coffee trees, making the trees grow poorly, in severe cases, they drop, wither or even dry dead branches.
When mealybugs cause severe damage, black mites often appear covering leaves and branches, reducing the plant’s ability to photosynthesize.
Coffee wilt disease (CWD): This fungal disease first affects the vessel under the bark and blocks the transportation of water and other nutrients, which results in the drying of leaves, branches, and stem. The disease is transmitted through the wounding of stems or branches during different agronomic practices in the field.
Resistant vs Tolerant: Among researchers there are different schools of thought on when to use the term resistant or tolerant, especially when applied to a plant’s immunity to diseases. For this book, the term resistant was used, as this is the terminology that JARC has applied to the varieties. Some researchers would advise that the term tolerant may be better suited
How to handle common coffee diseases
How to treat dry branch disease in coffee trees
Special drugs to treat anthracnose, dry branches, dried fruit on coffee should use the following active ingredients: Albendazole, Azoxystrobin, Difenoconazole, Carbendazim, Propiconazole, Benomyl + Copperoxychloride…
When spraying, it is necessary to choose a cool, quiet day, spray at least 2 times, 7-15 days apart, to increase the effectiveness of the drug. It is recommended to spray the room at the beginning of the rainy season, this is a good time for fungal diseases to develop, not only coffee anthracnose.
Some special drugs to treat dry branches of coffee berries:
– Derosal 50 (0.2%)
– Pill Tilt 250 EC (0.1%)Drug
– Viben-C 50BTN (0.2%)
– Drug Abenix 10FL (0.25 – 0.3%)
– Chevin 5SC
– Spray according to the instructions on the package or the instructions of the extension staff.
How to treat rust on coffee leaves:
The following drugs can be used: Abenix 10FL (Albendazole 10%) used with a concentration of 0.25 – 0.3% (mix 25 – 30ml of the drug into a 10-liter bottle and spray evenly on the whole plant, sprayed in 2 times spaced apart). 7 days).
Chevin 5SC (Hexaconazole 5%): Amount to use 1-2 liters of medicine/ha, mix 40-60ml of medicine/bottle of 16 liters of water, spray wet foliage. If the disease is severe, spray the second time 7 days after the first time.
How to treat yellow leaf root rot on coffee plants:
To prevent this disease, we use rotting manure + phosphate + trichiderma mixed together and then fertilize coffee trees. Rotten manure to supplement nutrients, phosphate fertilizer has the effect of stimulating roots, trichoderma helps inhibit fungal growth.
In the case of mild coffee garden, chemical drugs including difenoconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole or a mixture of these ingredients can be used to limit yellow leaf rot disease.
How to treat mealybugs:
– Smoked to limit the growth of mealybugs
– Make a fence or stretch wire between the rows to block the plants to avoid the spread of mealybugs
– Clean garden tools to limit the spread of mealybugs
– Do not plant plants that are the signature of mealybugs near the coffee garden
– Irrigate the garden with strong water to wash away mealybugs
43 Factory Coffee Roaster has sent readers the common diseases on coffee trees as well as how to handle pathogens to ensure crop productivity.
Related Articles:
